Glossary

Every metric Doj0 shows, in plain terms - what it means, how to read it, and how we compute it. All figures are historical, drawn from public filings; no analyst estimates or forecasts.

Price & Chart

Candlestick: Each candle shows one period's open, high, low, and close. Green means it closed above its open (up), magenta means it closed below (down). The thin wick spans the high-to-low range; the thick body spans open-to-close.
MA(20): The 20-period moving average - the average closing price over the last 20 bars. A smoothing line that reveals trend direction through short-term noise.
Volume: Shares traded in each period, drawn as bars beneath the price. Spikes often mark news or unusual interest.
Extended Hours: On intraday ranges, includes pre-market and after-hours trades, not just the regular 9:30am-4:00pm session.

Valuation

Market Cap: The market's price tag on the whole company: current share price multiplied by shares outstanding.
P/E (TTM): Price-to-Earnings over the trailing twelve months: share price divided by the last four quarters' earnings per share. Dollars paid per dollar of recent annual profit - higher means pricier or higher growth expectations. Blank when the company has no trailing profit.
Shiller P/E (CAPE): Cyclically-Adjusted P/E: price divided by the average of the last 10 years of earnings, each adjusted for inflation. Smoothing across a full cycle reveals whether current earnings are unusually high or low. A CAPE well above the plain P/E suggests today's profits may be cyclically elevated; well below suggests they're depressed.
PEG (trailing): P/E divided by the earnings growth rate - it puts a high P/E in context, since fast growth can justify it. Ours is trailing (this year's growth vs last year's), not a forecast, so it can swing on one-off comparisons. Roughly, under 1 is often read as cheap-for-the-growth.
Price/Sales: Market cap divided by trailing revenue. A valuation gauge that still works for unprofitable companies, which have no P/E.
EV/EBITDA: Enterprise Value (market cap plus debt minus cash) divided by EBITDA. A debt-neutral multiple, useful for comparing companies with different amounts of borrowing.
Price/Book: Market cap divided by shareholders' equity (book value) - how the market values the company against its accounting net worth.

Cash Flow

FCF Yield: Trailing free cash flow divided by market cap, as a percent - the cash-return analog of an earnings yield. How much real cash the business throws off relative to its price.
FCF / Share: Free cash flow on a per-share basis.
FCF Margin: Free cash flow divided by revenue - the fraction of every sales dollar that becomes free cash.
SBC Impact: Stock-based compensation divided by free cash flow. SBC is added back in cash-flow accounting because it's non-cash, but it's real shareholder dilution - this shows how much of the 'free' cash flow is effectively funded by issuing stock. Higher means more dilution flattering the FCF.
Accruals / Assets: Net income minus operating cash flow, divided by total assets - an earnings-quality check. Positive means reported profits are outrunning actual cash collection (softer earnings); negative means cash is coming in faster than the income statement admits.

Margins & Growth

Gross Margin: Gross profit (revenue minus the direct cost of producing it) divided by revenue - the raw profitability of the product itself, before operating costs.
Operating Margin: Operating income divided by revenue - profitability after the costs of actually running the business (R&D, sales, admin), but before interest and taxes.
Profit Margin: Net income divided by revenue (trailing twelve months) - the share of sales left as bottom-line profit.
R&D % of Revenue: Research & development spending as a share of revenue - how heavily the company reinvests in building what it sells next.
Revenue YoY: Latest quarter's revenue versus the same quarter a year earlier. The year-over-year framing cancels out seasonality.
Earnings YoY: The same year-over-year comparison applied to net income.
Revenue / EPS CAGR (3Y, 5Y): Compound Annual Growth Rate: the smoothed average yearly growth of revenue (or EPS) over 3 or 5 years. Purely historical - the steady rate that would carry the figure from where it was to where it is now.

Returns & Quality

ROE: Return on Equity: net income divided by shareholders' equity - profit generated on owners' capital. Very high ROE can reflect genuine quality or simply heavy leverage / buybacks shrinking the equity base.
ROA: Return on Assets: net income divided by total assets - profit per dollar of everything the company owns. Less flattered by leverage than ROE.
ROIC: Return on Invested Capital: after-tax operating profit divided by invested capital (debt plus equity minus cash) - whether the business earns a good return on the money actually put to work. We hide it for banks, insurers, and captive-finance companies (e.g. Ford), where invested capital can't be measured cleanly.
Interest Coverage: Operating profit (EBIT) divided by interest expense - how many times over the company's earnings cover its interest bill. Higher is safer; near 1 is stretched.
Effective Tax Rate: Income tax expense divided by pre-tax income (trailing twelve months) - the tax rate the company actually paid, which often differs from statutory rates. Blank when pre-tax income is negative.
Asset Turnover: Revenue divided by total assets - how many dollars of sales each dollar of assets generates per year. Capital-light businesses run high; heavy industry runs low.

Balance Sheet

Cash: Cash, equivalents, and short-term / marketable investments - the liquid resources on hand.
Debt: Total interest-bearing borrowings, short- and long-term.
Net (Cash / Debt): Cash minus debt. Positive is a net cash position; negative is net debt.
Debt / Equity: Total debt divided by shareholders' equity - a leverage gauge showing how much the company is financed by borrowing versus owners' capital. Hidden for banks, captive-finance companies, and firms with negative equity, where the ratio misleads.
Net Debt / EBITDA: Debt minus cash, divided by trailing EBITDA - roughly how many years of operating earnings it would take to pay off the debt. The leverage measure lenders actually covenant on; negative means the company holds more cash than debt.
Current Ratio: Current assets divided by current liabilities - short-term liquidity. Above 1 means near-term assets cover the next year's obligations.
Quick Ratio: The current ratio with inventory stripped out of the numerator - can the company cover near-term obligations without having to sell a single unit of product first.
Working Capital: Current assets minus current liabilities, in dollars - the short-term operating cushion.
Altman Z-Score: A five-factor bankruptcy-risk score (working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value, and sales, all scaled). Classic reading: above 3 is safe territory, below 1.8 signals distress risk. Fit for industrial companies - hidden for banks and insurers, where the model doesn't apply.

Dividend

Yield: Trailing annual dividends divided by market cap (equivalently, dividend per share over price) - the income return from dividends at today's price.
Payout Ratio: Dividends divided by net income - the fraction of earnings paid out. Over 100% means the company is paying more than it earns, funding the rest from cash or debt. Blank when earnings are negative.
Div / Share (TTM): Total dividends paid per share over the trailing twelve months.
Buyback Yield: Trailing cash spent repurchasing shares, divided by market cap - the return delivered by shrinking the share count rather than mailing a check.
Shareholder Yield: Dividend yield plus buyback yield - the total cash returned to shareholders through both channels, relative to price.

Insider Activity

Insider Activity: Open-market purchases (code P) and sales (code S) by officers, directors, and 10% owners, straight from SEC Form 4 filings. Grants, option exercises, and tax-withholding transactions are excluded - only actual buys and sells at market. Insider buying with personal cash is the classic conviction signal; selling is noisier (diversification, taxes).

Trend Projection

Next FY Revenue / EPS (trend): A naive extrapolation: if the trailing 3-year growth rate simply continued, this is where next year's figure would land. NOT a forecast or analyst estimate - just the past trend carried forward, and it can be wildly off for volatile companies. Read it as context, not a prediction.

Financial Statement Lines

EPS: Earnings Per Share: net income divided by shares outstanding, per quarter.
Revenue: Total sales - the top line of the income statement.
Net Income: Bottom-line profit after all costs, interest, and taxes.
Free Cash Flow: Operating cash flow minus capital expenditures - the cash left after running the business and investing in it.
EBITDA: Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation & Amortization - a rough proxy for operating cash generation, computed here as net income plus tax, interest, and D&A.
Cash & Debt: The balance sheet over time: assets, liabilities, equity, cash, and debt, quarter by quarter.
Operating Expenses: The costs of running the business - cost of revenue, R&D, and SG&A.
Dividends: Dividend per share declared, quarter by quarter.
Return of Capital: Total cash returned to shareholders - dividends plus share buybacks.
Shares Outstanding: Total shares in existence. A falling line means buybacks; a rising line means issuance or dilution.
Ratios: Profit margin and year-over-year growth trends shown together over time.
Valuation (P/E): The price-to-earnings ratio plotted day by day over time.

Market Context

Buffett Indicator: Total US corporate-equity market value divided by GDP, as a percent - a whole-market valuation gauge popularized by Warren Buffett. Higher means the stock market is large relative to the economy, historically associated with richer valuations. It's market-wide, so it reads the same on every ticker page.
VIX: The CBOE Volatility Index - the market's expected 30-day volatility implied by S&P 500 options. Known as the 'fear gauge'; it spikes in times of stress.
Index Strip (Dow / S&P 500 / Nasdaq): The day's move in the three major US market indexes, for quick market context alongside a single stock.
10Y (Treasury Yield): The 10-year US Treasury yield - the risk-free rate stocks compete against. When it rises, future earnings are worth less today and bonds become a stronger alternative to equities.

Method & Sources

TTM: Trailing Twelve Months - the most recent four reported quarters, used so figures reflect a full year and aren't distorted by seasonality.
Where the data comes from: Fundamentals and balance-sheet figures are pulled from company filings on SEC EDGAR (public-domain government data); VIX, inflation (for CAPE), and the Buffett Indicator come from the Federal Reserve's FRED database; price data is market pricing. No analyst estimates or forward guidance are used anywhere - every figure is historical or a clearly-labeled extrapolation.
Not investment advice: Doj0 charts public data for information only. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy or sell.